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Chapter 6

Text & Strings

64 CONCAT =CONCAT(text1, [text2], ...) Combines text from multiple ranges and/or strings. Replaces CONCATENATE and allows passing entire multi-cell ranges directly. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=CONCAT(text1, [text2], ...)
```
Arguments

text1

Text item, range of cells, or string to join.
Sample
```
=CONCAT(A2, " ", B2)
```
Result Rohan Sharma
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma HR Rohan Sharma
3 Kabir Verma IT Kabir Verma
4 Meena Gupta Sales Meena Gupta

Pro tip
Unlike CONCATENATE, CONCAT accepts full ranges like =CONCAT(A2:D2).

Common pitfall
CONCAT does not provide a delimiter option between cells; use TEXTJOIN if you need commas or spaces between items.
65 CONCATENATE =CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...) Classic function to join two or more text strings into one. Still supported for backwards compatibility across legacy workbooks. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
```
Arguments

text1, text2

Up to 255 text items to be joined.
Sample
```
=CONCATENATE(A2, " ", B2)
```
Result Rohan Sharma
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma Rohan Sharma =A2 & " " & B2
3 Kabir Verma Kabir Verma =A3 & " " & B3
4 Meena Gupta Meena Gupta =A4 & " " & B4

Pro tip
You can achieve the same result faster using the ampersand & operator: =A2 & " " & B2.

Common pitfall
Does NOT accept array ranges like A1:A5 (returns only the first cell or #VALUE!).
66 TEXTJOIN =TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, [text2], ...) Combines text from multiple ranges and/or strings, using a specified delimiter, and optionally ignoring empty cells. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, [text2], ...)
```
Arguments

delimiter

Text string (like comma, space, or hyphen) inserted between each text item.

ignore_empty

If TRUE, empty cells are skipped; if FALSE, delimiter is still inserted.

text1, [text2, ...]

The strings or multi-cell ranges to join.
Sample
```
=TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A2:D2)
```
Result Rohan Sharma, HR, 350, Delhi
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma HR 350 Delhi
3 Kabir Verma IT 400 Mumbai
4 Meena Gupta Sales 450 Pune

Pro tip
Join an entire vertical column into a single cell in one shot: =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A2:A50).

Common pitfall
If the resulting text exceeds 32,767 characters (Excel single-cell limit), TEXTJOIN returns #VALUE!.
67 LEFT =LEFT(text, [num_chars]) Returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=LEFT(text, [num_chars])
```
Arguments

text

The text string that contains the characters you want to extract.

[num_chars]

Specifies the number of characters you want LEFT to extract. Default is 1.
Sample
```
=LEFT(A2, 5)
```
Result Rohan
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma E-101 Rohan First 5 letters
3 Kabir Verma E-102 Kabir First 5 letters
4 Meena Gupta E-103 Meena First 5 letters

Pro tip
Extract first name dynamically regardless of length: =LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1).

Common pitfall
Num_chars must be greater than or equal to 0; negative numbers return #VALUE!.
68 RIGHT =RIGHT(text, [num_chars]) Returns the last character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=RIGHT(text, [num_chars])
```
Arguments

text

The text string containing characters to extract.

[num_chars]

The number of characters to extract from the right. Default is 1.
Sample
```
=RIGHT(A2, 4)
```
Result 4321
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-4321 Rohan Sharma 4321 Ending digits
3 XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-8765 Kabir Verma 8765 Ending digits
4 XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-1122 Meena Gupta 1122 Ending digits

Pro tip
To extract dynamic last name: =RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2)).

Common pitfall
Numbers returned by RIGHT are formatted as text strings. Wrap in VALUE() if you need to calculate with them.
69 MID =MID(text, start_num, num_chars) Returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at the position you specify, based on the number of characters you specify. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=MID(text, start_num, num_chars)
```
Arguments

text

The text string containing the characters you want to extract.

start_num

The position of the first character you want to extract (1-based).

num_chars

The number of characters to return from the start position.
Sample
```
=MID(A2, 7, 6)
```
Result Sharma
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma EMP-01 Sharma Chars from pos 7
3 Kabir Verma EMP-02 Verma Chars from pos 7
4 Meena Gupta EMP-03 Gupta Chars from pos 7

Pro tip
If num_chars exceeds the remaining length of the string, MID simply returns all remaining characters without error.

Common pitfall
Start_num must be >= 1. If start_num is greater than string length, MID returns empty string "".
70 LEN =LEN(text) Returns the number of characters in a text string. Counts letters, numbers, punctuation, spaces, and invisible characters. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=LEN(text)
```
Arguments

text

The text whose length you want to measure.
Sample
```
=LEN(A2)
```
Result 12
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma 12 11 letters + 1 space Valid (

Pro tip
Count occurrences of a specific letter (e.g. "a") in cell A1: =LEN(A1) - LEN(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER(A1), "a", "")).

Common pitfall
Spaces count toward LEN! Trailing spaces often cause passwords or lookup matches to fail unexpectedly.
71 TRIM =TRIM(text) Removes all spaces from text except for single spaces between words. Perfect for cleaning messy data exports. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=TRIM(text)
```
Arguments

text

The text from which you want spaces removed.
Sample
```
=TRIM(A2)
```
Result Rohan Sharma
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma 18 Rohan Sharma 12 (Extra 6 removed)
3 Kabir Verma 13 Kabir Verma 11 (Cleaned)
4 Meena Gupta 14 Meena Gupta 11 (Cleaned)

Pro tip
TRIM only removes standard ASCII space 32. For stubborn non-breaking web spaces (ASCII 160), use =TRIM(CLEAN(SUBSTITUTE(A1, CHAR(160), " "))).

Common pitfall
TRIM preserves single spaces between words; it only removes extra duplicates and leading/trailing ones.
72 UPPER =UPPER(text) Converts text to uppercase. Useful for standardizing code keys, state abbreviations, and passport numbers. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=UPPER(text)
```
Arguments

text

The text you want converted to uppercase.
Sample
```
=UPPER(A2)
```
Result ROHAN SHARMA
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma ROHAN SHARMA EMP-RS Formatted
3 kabir verma KABIR VERMA EMP-KV Formatted
4 Meena GUPTA MEENA GUPTA EMP-MG Formatted

Pro tip
Numbers and punctuation marks in the text are completely unaffected by UPPER.

Common pitfall
Cannot modify text in-place directly; you must output to a helper column, then copy and paste-as-values.
73 LOWER =LOWER(text) Converts all letters in a text string to lowercase. Essential for normalizing customer emails and web domains. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=LOWER(text)
```
Arguments

text

The text you want converted to lowercase.
Sample
```
=LOWER(A2)
```
Result rohan.sharma@corp.com
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan.SHARMA@Corp.com rohan.sharma@corp.com Yes Active
3 KABIR.VERMA@CORP.COM kabir.verma@corp.com Yes Active
4 Meena.Gupta@CORP.COM meena.gupta@corp.com Yes Active

Pro tip
Essential preliminary step before running EXACT comparisons if you want case-insensitivity.

Common pitfall
Does not strip spaces; combine with TRIM if needed: =LOWER(TRIM(A2)).
74 PROPER =PROPER(text) Capitalizes the first letter in a text string and any other letters in text that follow any character other than a letter. Converts all other letters to lowercase. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=PROPER(text)
```
Arguments

text

Text enclosed in quotation marks, a formula that returns text, or a cell reference.
Sample
```
=PROPER(A2)
```
Result Rohan Sharma
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 rohan sharma Rohan Sharma delhi ? Delhi Standard Title
3 KABIR VERMA Kabir Verma mumbai ? Mumbai Standard Title
4 mEeNa GuPtA Meena Gupta pune ? Pune Standard Title

Pro tip
PROPER treats any letter after a non-letter (like an apostrophe or hyphen) as a new word (e.g. "o'connor" becomes "O'Connor").

Common pitfall
Acronyms like "USA" or "NASA" will be converted to "Usa" and "Nasa" by PROPER.
75 REPLACE =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text) Replaces part of a text string, based on the number of characters and position you specify, with a new text string. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
```
Arguments

old_text

Text in which you want to replace some characters.

start_num

The position of the character in old_text that you want to replace.

num_chars

The number of characters in old_text that you want REPLACE to replace.

new_text

The text that will replace characters in old_text.
Sample
```
=REPLACE(A2, 1, 3, "USR")
```
Result USR-101
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 EMP-101 HR USR-101 Replaced "EMP" with "USR"
3 EMP-102 IT USR-102 Replaced "EMP" with "USR"
4 EMP-103 Sales USR-103 Replaced "EMP" with "USR"

Pro tip
Set num_chars to 0 to INSERT text at a specific position without deleting existing characters!

Common pitfall
REPLACE is strictly position-based; if you want to replace specific text regardless of where it appears, use SUBSTITUTE.
76 SUBSTITUTE =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text, [instance_num]) Substitutes new_text for old_text in a text string. Use when you want to replace specific text rather than a fixed position. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text, [instance_num])
```
Arguments

text

The text or the reference to a cell containing text for which you want to substitute characters.

old_text

The text you want to replace.

new_text

The replacement string.

[instance_num]

Specifies which occurrence of old_text you want to replace. If omitted, every occurrence is replaced.
Sample
```
=SUBSTITUTE(A2, "Sharma", "Kumar")
```
Result Rohan Kumar
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma Sharma ? Kumar Rohan Kumar Replaced text
3 Amit Sharma Sharma ? Kumar Amit Kumar Replaced text
4 Kabir Verma Verma ? Singh Kabir Singh Replaced text

Pro tip
SUBSTITUTE is case-sensitive ("sharma" will not match "Sharma").

Common pitfall
If old_text does not match the exact letter case, SUBSTITUTE silently returns the original text unchanged.
77 TEXT =TEXT(value, format_text) Converts a numeric or date value to formatted text according to a specified format string. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=TEXT(value, format_text)
```
Arguments

value

A numeric value, a formula that evaluates to a numeric value, or a cell reference.

format_text

A custom format code enclosed in quotes (e.g. "dd-mmm-yyyy", "$#,##0.00", "0.0%").
Sample
```
=TEXT(A2, "dd-mmm-yyyy")
```
Result 45757
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 45757 10-Apr-2025 Thursday (=TEXT(A2,"dddd")) Q2-2025
3 45658 01-Jan-2025 Wednesday Q1-2025
4 45884 15-Aug-2025 Friday Q3-2025

Pro tip
Use format "dddd" for full weekday name ("Thursday") or "mmmm" for full month name ("April").

Common pitfall
The result is TEXT, not a number or date! You cannot perform mathematical sums directly on the output of TEXT.
78 VALUE =VALUE(text) Converts a text string that represents a number to a number. Enables math on text-formatted imported data. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=VALUE(text)
```
Arguments

text

The text enclosed in quotation marks or a reference to a cell containing text to convert.
Sample
```
=VALUE(A2)
```
Result 1000
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 "1000" String Text 1,000 Yes (Ready for SUM)
3 "$450.50" String Text 450.50 Yes
4 " 85 " String Text 85 Yes

Pro tip
A fast shortcut to convert text to number is adding zero: =A2 + 0 or double unary --A2.

Common pitfall
If text contains non-numeric characters that cannot be parsed into a number, VALUE returns #VALUE!.
79 NUMBERVALUE =NUMBERVALUE(text, [decimal_separator], [group_separator]) Converts text to a number in a locale-independent way. Crucial when working with European comma decimals. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=NUMBERVALUE(text, [decimal_separator], [group_separator])
```
Arguments

text

The text to convert to a number.

[decimal_separator]

The character used to separate the integer and fraction of the result.

[group_separator]

The character used to separate thousands groupings.
Sample
```
=NUMBERVALUE("1.250,50", ",", ".")
```
Result 1250.5
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 "1.250,50" Comma (,) 1250.50 1,250.50
3 "450,75" Comma (,) 450.75 450.75
4 "10 000,00" Space ( ) 10000.00 10,000.00

Pro tip
NUMBERVALUE automatically handles trailing percentage signs like "15%".

Common pitfall
Decimal separator and group separator must be different characters; using the same character returns #VALUE!.
80 DOLLAR =DOLLAR(number, [decimals]) Converts a number to text using currency format, with decimals rounded to the specified place. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=DOLLAR(number, [decimals])
```
Arguments

number

A number, a reference to a cell containing a number, or a formula that evaluates to a number.

[decimals]

The number of digits to the right of the decimal point. Default is 2.
Sample
```
=DOLLAR(B2, 2)
```
Result $1,250.00
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Server License 1250 $1,250.00 Currency Text
3 Cloud Storage 45.8 $45.80 Currency Text
4 Domain Name 12.99 $12.99 Currency Text

Common pitfall
The return value is a text string. You cannot use SUM or AVERAGE on the output of DOLLAR().
81 FIND =FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) Locates one text string within a second text string, and returns the number of the starting position. FIND is case-sensitive and does not support wildcards. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num])
```
Arguments

find_text

The text you want to find.

within_text

The text containing the text you want to find.

[start_num]

Specifies character at which to start search (default is 1).
Sample
```
=FIND("Sharma", A2)
```
Result 7
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma 7 Exact Case Match Found at char 7
3 Kabir Verma #VALUE! Not Found Sharma not present
4 Amit Sharma 6 Exact Case Match Found at char 6

Pro tip
If you want case-insensitive search, use SEARCH instead of FIND.

Common pitfall
If find_text is not found, FIND returns a #VALUE! error. Wrap in IFERROR to handle gracefully.
82 SEARCH =SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) Locates one text string within a second text string, and returns the number of the starting position. Case-insensitive and supports * and ? wildcards. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num])
```
Arguments

find_text

The text you want to find (wildcards allowed).

within_text

The text in which you want to search.
Sample
```
=SEARCH("sharma", A2)
```
Result 7
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Rohan Sharma 7 Found uppercase S Position 7
3 Rohan sharma 7 Found lowercase s Position 7
4 ROHAN SHARMA 7 Found all-caps Position 7

Pro tip
Test if a cell contains a word: =ISNUMBER(SEARCH("apple", A2)).

Common pitfall
If you need exact case matching, use FIND instead of SEARCH.
83 EXACT =EXACT(text1, text2) Compares two text strings and returns TRUE if they are exactly identical, including case sensitivity, and FALSE otherwise. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=EXACT(text1, text2)
```
Arguments

text1, text2

The two text strings you want to compare.
Sample
```
=EXACT(A2, B2)
```
Result FALSE
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Sharma SHARMA FALSE (Case mismatch) TRUE (Case insensitive)
3 Sharma Sharma TRUE (Exact match) TRUE
4 Verma Verma FALSE (Trailing space) FALSE

Pro tip
Standard Excel = comparison is case-insensitive ("a" = "A" is TRUE). Use EXACT when case matters.

Common pitfall
EXACT checks spaces too; an invisible trailing space will cause EXACT to return FALSE.
84 CLEAN =CLEAN(text) Removes all nonprintable characters from text (ASCII 0 through 31). Strips unwanted line breaks and system control characters. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=CLEAN(text)
```
Arguments

text

Any worksheet information from which you want to remove nonprintable characters.
Sample
```
=CLEAN(A2)
```
Result Cleaned String
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Line 1 Line 2 Line 1 Line 2 ASCII 10 (Linefeed) Sanitized
3 Raw Tabbed Data RawTabbedData ASCII 9 (Tab) Sanitized
4 System Feed System Feed ASCII 13 (CR) Sanitized

Pro tip
Often combined with TRIM for total data sanitation: =TRIM(CLEAN(A2)).

Common pitfall
CLEAN only removes ASCII 0-31. It does NOT remove non-breaking web spaces (ASCII 160).
85 CHAR =CHAR(number) Returns the character specified by a number. Use CHAR to translate code page numbers into characters (e.g. CHAR(10) for line break). Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=CHAR(number)
```
Arguments

number

A number between 1 and 255 specifying the character you want.
Sample
```
=CHAR(A2)
```
Result A
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 65 A Capital letter A Letter generation
3 66 B Capital letter B Letter generation
4 10 LineBreak Line Feed (Wrap text) Multi-line formulas

Pro tip
To make CHAR(10) show as a line break, enable "Wrap Text" on the cell formatting.

Common pitfall
Numbers outside the 1 to 255 range return a #VALUE! error.
86 UNICHAR =UNICHAR(number) Returns the Unicode character that is referenced by the given numeric value, including modern symbols, tick marks, and emojis. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=UNICHAR(number)
```
Arguments

number

The Unicode number that represents the character.
Sample
```
=UNICHAR(A2)
```
Result ?
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 10004 ? Green Checkmark Target Met
3 10008 ? Cross Mark Target Missed
4 9733 ? Solid Star Rating Scale

Pro tip
Use UNICHAR(9650) for green up-arrow ? and UNICHAR(9660) for red down-arrow ? in financial dashboards.

Common pitfall
If number is 0 or outside Unicode range, UNICHAR returns #VALUE!.
87 UNICODE =UNICODE(text) Returns the number (code point) corresponding to the first character of the text. Text & Strings Intermediate Classic
Syntax
```
=UNICODE(text)
```
Arguments

text

The character or string for which you want the Unicode value.
Sample
```
=UNICODE(A2)
```
Result 65
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 A 65 U+0041 Basic Latin
3 ? 10004 U+2714 Dingbats Symbol
4 ? 9733 U+2605 Star Symbol

Pro tip
UNICODE only evaluates the first character of the input string.

Common pitfall
Empty text "" returns #VALUE!.
88 REPT =REPT(text, number_times) Repeats text a given number of times. Classic technique for building lightweight in-cell bar charts and star ratings. Text & Strings Beginner Classic
Syntax
```
=REPT(text, number_times)
```
Arguments

text

The text you want to repeat.

number_times

A positive number specifying the number of times to repeat text.
Sample
```
=REPT("?", B2)
```
Result ?????
Sample data
Download

A B C D
2 Laptop Pro 5 ????? Top Rated
3 Wireless Mouse 4 ???? High Rating
4 USB-C Hub 3 ??? Average

Pro tip
Format the in-cell chart formula =REPT("|", A2) with the font "Playbill" or "Stencil" to create solid bar charts!

Common pitfall
If number_times is 0, REPT returns empty text "". If negative, returns #VALUE!.

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan	Sharma	HR	Rohan Sharma
3	Kabir	Verma	IT	Kabir Verma
4	Meena	Gupta	Sales	Meena Gupta

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	HR	350	Delhi
3	Kabir Verma	IT	400	Mumbai
4	Meena Gupta	Sales	450	Pune

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	E-101	Rohan	First 5 letters
3	Kabir Verma	E-102	Kabir	First 5 letters
4	Meena Gupta	E-103	Meena	First 5 letters

	A	B	C	D
2	XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-4321	Rohan Sharma	4321	Ending digits
3	XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-8765	Kabir Verma	8765	Ending digits
4	XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-1122	Meena Gupta	1122	Ending digits

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	EMP-01	Sharma	Chars from pos 7
3	Kabir Verma	EMP-02	Verma	Chars from pos 7
4	Meena Gupta	EMP-03	Gupta	Chars from pos 7

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	18	Rohan Sharma	12 (Extra 6 removed)
3	Kabir Verma	13	Kabir Verma	11 (Cleaned)
4	Meena Gupta	14	Meena Gupta	11 (Cleaned)

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	ROHAN SHARMA	EMP-RS	Formatted
3	kabir verma	KABIR VERMA	EMP-KV	Formatted
4	Meena GUPTA	MEENA GUPTA	EMP-MG	Formatted

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan.SHARMA@Corp.com	rohan.sharma@corp.com	Yes	Active
3	KABIR.VERMA@CORP.COM	kabir.verma@corp.com	Yes	Active
4	Meena.Gupta@CORP.COM	meena.gupta@corp.com	Yes	Active

	A	B	C	D
2	rohan sharma	Rohan Sharma	delhi ? Delhi	Standard Title
3	KABIR VERMA	Kabir Verma	mumbai ? Mumbai	Standard Title
4	mEeNa GuPtA	Meena Gupta	pune ? Pune	Standard Title

	A	B	C	D
2	EMP-101	HR	USR-101	Replaced "EMP" with "USR"
3	EMP-102	IT	USR-102	Replaced "EMP" with "USR"
4	EMP-103	Sales	USR-103	Replaced "EMP" with "USR"

	A	B	C	D
2	45757	10-Apr-2025	Thursday (=TEXT(A2,"dddd"))	Q2-2025
3	45658	01-Jan-2025	Wednesday	Q1-2025
4	45884	15-Aug-2025	Friday	Q3-2025

	A	B	C	D
2	"1000"	String Text	1,000	Yes (Ready for SUM)
3	"$450.50"	String Text	450.50	Yes
4	" 85 "	String Text	85	Yes

	A	B	C	D
2	"1.250,50"	Comma (,)	1250.50	1,250.50
3	"450,75"	Comma (,)	450.75	450.75
4	"10 000,00"	Space ( )	10000.00	10,000.00

	A	B	C	D
2	Server License	1250	$1,250.00	Currency Text
3	Cloud Storage	45.8	$45.80	Currency Text
4	Domain Name	12.99	$12.99	Currency Text

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	Sharma ? Kumar	Rohan Kumar	Replaced text
3	Amit Sharma	Sharma ? Kumar	Amit Kumar	Replaced text
4	Kabir Verma	Verma ? Singh	Kabir Singh	Replaced text

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	7	Exact Case Match	Found at char 7
3	Kabir Verma	#VALUE!	Not Found	Sharma not present
4	Amit Sharma	6	Exact Case Match	Found at char 6

	A	B	C	D
2	Rohan Sharma	7	Found uppercase S	Position 7
3	Rohan sharma	7	Found lowercase s	Position 7
4	ROHAN SHARMA	7	Found all-caps	Position 7

	A	B	C	D
2	Sharma	SHARMA	FALSE (Case mismatch)	TRUE (Case insensitive)
3	Sharma	Sharma	TRUE (Exact match)	TRUE
4	Verma	Verma	FALSE (Trailing space)	FALSE

	A	B	C	D
2	Line 1 Line 2	Line 1 Line 2	ASCII 10 (Linefeed)	Sanitized
3	Raw Tabbed Data	RawTabbedData	ASCII 9 (Tab)	Sanitized
4	System Feed	System Feed	ASCII 13 (CR)	Sanitized

	A	B	C	D
2	65	A	Capital letter A	Letter generation
3	66	B	Capital letter B	Letter generation
4	10	LineBreak	Line Feed (Wrap text)	Multi-line formulas

	A	B	C	D
2	10004	?	Green Checkmark	Target Met
3	10008	?	Cross Mark	Target Missed
4	9733	?	Solid Star	Rating Scale

	A	B	C	D
2	A	65	U+0041	Basic Latin
3	?	10004	U+2714	Dingbats Symbol
4	?	9733	U+2605	Star Symbol

	A	B	C	D
2	Laptop Pro	5	?????	Top Rated
3	Wireless Mouse	4	????	High Rating
4	USB-C Hub	3	???	Average